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Based on our results we propose three
2022-04-07

Based on our results, we propose three possible mechanisms of HER2 loss after trastuzumab-based therapy (Fig. 3). The first possibility is a result of the differential effects of treatments on clonal subsets. In breast cancer, such selective pressure has been suggested to preferentially eradicate HE
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br Introduction Coat colors are determined
2022-04-06

Introduction Coat colors are determined by both genetics and environment, especially genetics. The phenotype of coat color of animals depends on two types of melanin, black to brown eumelanin and yellow to reddish brown pheomelanin produced in mammalian melanocyte (Ito et al., 2000; Ito and Wakam
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It is interesting to note that the
2022-04-06

It is interesting to note that the long and short forms of GPR120 exist at different basal levels of phosphorylation, with the short form demonstrating a greater degree of constitutive activity [12]. Importantly, Burns and Moniri [12] showed that, upon activation, the long and short isoforms of GPR1
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Deazaneplanocin Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly re
2022-04-06

Neurotransmitter transporters are rapidly recycled from and to the membrane. For instance, the GABA transporter GAT1 is recycled in a calcium and depolarization dependent manner. GAT1 located in the plasma membrane is internalized to a subpopulation of small vesicles different from the classical ne
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br Material and methods br Results br Discussion Neurosteroi
2022-04-06

Material and methods Results Discussion Neurosteroids capable of blocking the NMDAR channel attract a lot of attention as possible therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. A large number of new Ristocetin A sulfate with different structures have been synthesized
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Initial studies generally focused on the
2022-04-06

Initial studies generally focused on the co-administration of glutamate with transport inhibitors and clearly revealed the ability of the blockers to exacerbate excitotoxic injury in both in vitro and in vivo models (McBean & Roberts, 1985, Robinson et al., 1993a). In addition to demonstrating the c
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A oligomers increased ubiquitination of
2022-04-06

Aβ1-42 oligomers increased ubiquitination of GLT-1 in astrocytes. Previous studies found that astrocytic GLT-1 is internalized from the cell surface by ubiquitination of lysines located in the cytoplasmic C-terminus of the transporter (Gonzalez-Gonzalez et al., 2008, Martinez-Villarreal et al., 2012
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These findings raise the question of what mechanism of
2022-04-06

These findings raise the question of what mechanism of beta cell proliferation is induced by short-term HF diet feeding. Gene expression profiling of isolated islets from mice fed a HF diet for 1 week revealed that expression levels of downstream genes of Foxm1 were coordinately upregulated (Fig. 5
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daunorubicin receptor GKRP binds to the inactive super
2022-04-06

GKRP binds to the inactive, super-open conformation of GCK, acting as a competitive inhibitor of glucose association with the enzyme (Fig. 3) [45]. Upon formation of the inhibitory complex with GKRP, GCK is sequestered into the hepatocyte nucleus [48]. The detailed mechanism by which GKRP mediates t
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It is generally considered that elevated blood glucose due
2022-04-06

It is generally considered that elevated blood glucose due to insulin resistance is an important factor in islet compensation to high fat feeding [27]. However, we have shown recently that insulin resistance induced in mice by hydrocortisone injection provokes significant islet hyPerFUsion™ high-fid
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In this review we will highlight how the functional impact
2022-04-06

In this review we will highlight how the functional impact of GABA receptors activation in thalamic neurons far exceeds the traditional “shunting” effect and shapes the whole thalamic network excitability. We will show how GABA released during either tonic or burst firing of GABAergic thalamic neuro
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In the course of our ongoing
2022-04-06

In the course of our ongoing attempts to photolabel allosteric binding sites of γ-aminobutyric Bestatin hydrochloride australia type A (GABAA) receptors, we were met with the need for relatively large (near mg) quantities of recombinant protein. Rather than establishing a stable cell line we sought
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Our previous study had shown that silencing FFAR expression
2022-04-02

Our previous study had shown that silencing FFAR1 expression weakened the action of PIO in increasing insulin secretion in lipotoxic β 5-Methyl-CTP [6]. Resent research found that PIO promoted insulin secretion by upregulating FFAR1 [17]. Therefore, we presumed that FFAR1 may be involved in the ant
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On the other hand Li Zhang
2022-04-02

On the other hand, Li+ (Zhang et al., 1996) and Ca2+ (Gizak et al., 2004) cations inhibit FBPases. However, in the case of Ca2+, the inhibition is attributed solely to the muscle isozyme which is over 100 times more susceptible to the cation action than the liver isoform (Gizak et al., 2004). At the
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In addition the interplay of membrane curvature induced
2022-04-02

In addition the interplay of membrane curvature induced tension at the fusion pore and b-Casomorphin (1-3) induced tension across the PM seems to be a worthwhile target for investigation. The roles of dynamin and myosin II and especially their spatial and temporal dynamics during activity warrant f
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