• AR Vs are truncated AR proteins lacking the

  2023-03-23

  

  AR-Vs are truncated AR proteins lacking the AR ligand-binding domain (AR-LBD) [6]. While AR-Vs have frequently been detected in CRPC, their expression and functional role in benign prostate tissues and primary prostate cancers is not readily apparent. Structural rearrangements in the AR gene and alt

• The aldehyde reductase AKR A and

  2023-03-22

  

  The aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1) and aldose reductase (AKR1B1) belong to aldo-ketoreductase (AKR) superfamily catalyzing the reduction of corresponding aldehydes and ketones involved. Both the closely related enzymes AKR1A1 and AKR1B1 have 65% structural similarity and differ only at the active site.

• AKT activity is also self limiting through

  2023-03-22

  

  AKT activity is also self-limiting through its substrate GSK3β; the kinase activity of which is negatively regulated by AKT phosphorylation (Fig. 3; Li, Liu, & Gao, 2009). GSK3β activation results in phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitin mediated degradation of PHLPP (Li et al., 2009). AKT activ

• br Acknowledgments and Disclosures br Introduction

  2023-03-22

  

  Acknowledgments and Disclosures Introduction In mammals, ejaculated sperm requires a finite period of residence in the female reproductive tract to become competent for fertilization (Visconti et al., 1995a, Visconti et al., 1995b). Once oocytes are matured, it is important for these cells to

• br A Rs which were cloned and

  2023-03-22

  

  A3Rs, which were cloned and then pharmacologically identified in the early 1990s, are expressed in multiple organs and peripheral tissues including LY500307 involved in inflammatory responses (Gessi et al., 2008, Borea et al., 2014). While low levels are expressed in the CNS, A3R agonists produce

• In pioneering work from Ikeda and colleagues showed that

  2023-03-22

  

  In 2006, pioneering work from Ikeda and colleagues showed that GMF localizes to and regulates the OG-L002 cytoskeleton (see Glossary), and noted its sequence similarity to ADF/cofilin[11]. In 2009, the structure of GMF [6] was solved, revealing it to be a bona fide member of the actin depolymerizin

• br Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous

  2023-03-22

  

  Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript, and also thank Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2009-0071218) funded to Young-Mi Lee. This work was al

• Our study like that of Zill et al included

  2023-03-22

  

  Our study, like that of Zill et al. (2012) included European Caucasians, although their population was much smaller (n=162) and more heterogeneous (19–72years). Further, potential confounding or effect modification by other health, lifestyle or genetic factors was not considered. These differences m

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2023-03-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Numerous studies showed that Na+-K+-ATPase activity and membrane 2076 were decreased in cardiac tissue subjected to IR (Belliard et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013). In return, treatment that alleviated the progress of IR-related myocardial injury is of

• Production of reactive oxygen species

  2023-03-22

  

  Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during RSV infection is one the important ways that neutrophils can injure the lungs [2], [24], [25]. Lipoxygenases are considered as an important source of producing ROS inside the SM-164 [26]. Several studies have indicated that the 12/15-LOX is a pro-i

• In the present study we showed that

  2023-03-22

  

  In the present study, we showed that 15-LOX metabolites, which are the precursors of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators, were decreased in the unaffected skin area of the OS model rats by comprehensive lipidomics analyses. Furthermore, subsequent microarray analyses demonstrated tha

• To further evaluate the influence of antibiotics on

  2023-03-20

  

  To further evaluate the influence of CAY10603 receptor on allergy, Russel et al. initiated vancomycin treatment during pregnancy in mice and continued it for several weeks after birth. This resulted in exaggerated OVA-induced allergic inflammation, characterized by higher numbers of lung eosinophil

• Recent studies have supported the existence

  2023-03-20

  

  Recent studies have supported the existence of an inward RAS regulatory mechanism in which AT1 receptors downregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and subsequently impair angiotensin-(1-7) generation and MAS functionality (Jessup et al., 2006, Gallagher et al., 2008, Xia et al., 2009, Pern

• Current treatment options for corneal neovascularization inc

  2023-03-20

  

  Current treatment options for corneal neovascularization include topical application of steroids220, 25, 35, 43 or surgical interventions: laser ablation,14, 203, 234, 48 photodynamic therapy (PDT),4, 93 and fine-needle diathermy.221, 238, 240, 261 Targeting proangiogenic molecules with topical or s

• Angiogenesis refers to the formation of

  2023-03-20

  

  Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature [1]. Physiological angiogenesis is necessary for key processes such as wound healing, tissue regeneration and repair. In pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and other pat

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